This article discusses there relationship of ER-beta and glucose homeostasis. In this study, low testosterone was associated with increased ER-beta expression. This resulted in down regulation of GLUT4 and the result is insulin resistance.
women with PCOS, inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and CRP, associated with increasing androgen levels and with abdominal fat. Women with less fat had lower levels of TNF-alpha and CRP than their higher weight counterparts, though the inflammatory cytokines were still evident.
low vitamin D and PTH in black and white elderly associated with increased mortality; however, the black elderly have lower vitamin D levels in comparison to their white counterparts. How does this play a in increased advanced disease? I believe quite a bit.
meta-analysis finds that low T associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men. Additionally, higher Estradiol is associated with increased CVD and CV mortality
low serum testosterone associated with increased mortality in men with coronary disease. This study used "bio-available" testosterone and total testosterone.
very nice of how glucocorticoids and progesterone interact with the immune system. This review article discusses the current understanding of how hormones can contribute to autoimmune disease states through inflammation.
Benefits of progesterone, are in part, due to its function on the immune system. Progesterone shown to decrease T cell activity, macrophage activity and NK cell activity. Aside, NK cell activity has been found to be increased in those with recurrent first trimester miscarriages and progesterone defects. So, low progesterone allows for a rise in NK cell activity and inflammation that is detrimental to a developing pregnancy. If that is the case in pregnancy, what about the rest of the body?
study shows that mice lacking PR-A and PR-B (progesterone receptors) have increased uterine inflammation. Again, the inflammatory/pro-inflammatory effects of hormones may be regulated through receptors. This may be the reason that different stages of life elicit a different response with the same hormone.
study shows that progesterone directly inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in rat dendritic cells. Progesterone here shows to be directly involved in a anti-inflammatory effect.
good, well referenced discussion of how Testosterone support for those with low T can improve Diabetes, insulin function, improve energy balance, and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. The discussion discusses many of the moving parts in how testosterone improves CVD risk.
Areas of high exposure of Dioxin in Vietnam found to have associated elevated salivary cortisol, cortisone, and DHEA. Now, this can only be seen as an association, but they did find these elevations only in the "hot spots" and not in low exposure areas.
this study looked at ovarian sex hormones as it relates to premenopausal women and breast cancer risk. They used saliva as the test medium to evaluate estradiol and progesterone.
good article discussing the positive impact of IGF-1 on atherosclerosis. This hormone, under the control of HGH, is important in the healing and regenerative process. Thus, the use of the term "anti-aging". However, these two hormones simply help the body heal, repair, and regenerate itself. Not surprising, inflammation (TNF-alpha) counteracts these positive effects.